One of the most fascinating and intriguing facts from the
new paper on Scandinavia from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic is this fellow labelled NEO792.
NEO792 was 85% Western Steppe Herder in overall ancestry and the oldest sample carrying such ancestry, but there's a surprising twist. He lived alongside unadmixtured Early European Farmers (NEO580 and NEO943) and his Y-DNA haplogroup was
I2-S2703. A Funnelbeaker Early European Farmer lineage of Western Hunter-Gatherer origin.
That's not all. NEO792 was buried in a
megalithic tomb and carried mt-DNA haplogroup U2e2a1, a Western Steppe Herder derived female lineage. This means that despite NEO792 inheriting the majority of his overall ancestry from Western Steppe Herders, he was likely aware of his direct paternal heritage going back to his Funnelbeaker farmer forefathers and was given a special megalithic tomb burial in the same fashion.
As reflected with most ancient European people, NEO792 had a
patrilineal understanding of his ancestry and was likely aware of the burial customs of his paternal Early European Farmer ancestors. The fact that both the Funnelbeaker culture and Single Grave culture co-existed for a time shows us that cultural exchange and intermixing occurred on both sides as opposed to the previously believed idea that the Funnelbeaker folk and their culture was completely replaced almost immediately upon arrival of Steppe ancestry in the region.
Eventually, the Funnelbeaker folk's male lineages did disappear. The paper suggests that this happened due to
the plague causing an unprecedented population decline amongst Early European Farmers in addition to violence.