Part 3: Is NVIDIA's Era Coming to an End? Formation of the Anti-NVIDIA Alliance and Glass Substrates (UXL, UALINK, Glass Substrate) — Link - NVIDIA, while leading in GPU-based computing power boosted by hyperscaler investments, faces new market variables due to design flaws causing delays in its Blackwell series. Growing dissatisfaction over NVIDIA's high prices and closed ecosystem (CUDA, NVLink) is prompting companies, including hyperscalers, to seek alternatives. - The UXL alliance, based on Intel's OneAPI, is building an open ecosystem alternative to CUDA, addressing past shortcomings like hardware manufacturer support. UALink is developing an interconnect standard to rival NVLink, aiming to reduce NVIDIA's lock-in effect by allowing compatibility among different suppliers' hardware. - The rise of on-device AI is expanding the edge device-based AI computing market, forming new areas beyond NVIDIA's influence. There's a shift in performance enhancement focus from design to manufacturing processes, advanced packaging, and materials like glass substrates, potentially weakening NVIDIA's core competitiveness. - Glass substrates are overcoming limitations of existing organic substrates, offering higher performance and efficiency. Korean companies like SKC, Samsung Electro-Mechanics, and LG Innotek are leading the market through active investment and research in this field.