Globe pseudoscience in line-of-sight Over the past decade globers have created a standard defense mechanism against the various missing curvature proofs highlighted by the Flat Earthers. When presented with long-range visibility photographs taken by a zoom camera, they tend to dismiss it outright or label such observations as a rare phenomena. And when they can't refute it, they try to justify it with their standard argument of refraction, which somehow lifts or mirror the image "upward" above the globe horizon and aligns it perfectly 180° with the observer. In fact, refraction due to the density gradient in the atmosphere pushes the image "downwards", obscuring it below the horizon. [ 1 2 3 ] Similarly in the case of long-range line-of-sight radio signal communication, which defies the curvature of the globe Earth and covers impossible distances, they have invented various explanations such as ionospheric skywave propagation, tropospheric scattering, atmospheric ducting, marine surface ducting etc.