Plant Protection science 🌱🦠🔬
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کانال علم و دانش گیاهپزشکی
اخبار و تازه های گیاهپزشکی
توسط دانشجویان گیاهپزشکی دانشگاه سراسری تبریز
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Forwarded from Nahal pathologist
Plant Protection science 🌱🦠🔬
Some interesting facts about potato late blight disease 🌱🚜🥔🍅🧫🔬🍂👨🏼🔬🧬
🦠Phytophthora infestans is an oomycete microorganism that causes serious disease known as potato late blight.
🗓️During 1840s, late blight disease was a major culprit of epidemics in the United States and expanded to Europe causing the Irish Famine (1845) and the Scottish Highland Potato Famine (1846).
📍This period is also known as the 'Hungry Forties' because that time many people starved due to lack of access to other staple food sources and also caused emigration of people.
🥔During that time, the most popular variety widely cultivated is the Irish Lumper. Due to its susceptibility to the pathogen, massive areas of potato fields were wiped out.
👨🏼🔬Due to great losses attributed to this, it paved opportunities for plant pathologists study the disease. The pathogen was first described by M. J. Berkeley and subsequently named Phytophthora infestans by Heinrich Anton de Bary in the 1870’s.
🧫De Bary worked out the life cycle of potato late blight pathogen and first to prove experimentally that Phytophthora infestans is the cause of potato late blight.
🔬He convinced the scientific community that the white sporulation on infected potato plants was the causal agent of the disease and not the result of spontaneous generation from the decaying vegetation or the wrath of God. He proved that fungi are causes but not the results of diseases.
🌎Years after this disease has been identified, debates have evolved on the center of origin of the pathogen: South America or Central Mexico.
📌Although it is widely accepted that Peru is the center of origin of potato, tomato and pear melon which are known hosts of the pathogen, it was not clearly proven to be center of origin of the pathogen.
👩🔬In 2014, Goss et al published their studies and finally elucidated the center of origin of the pathogen. They conducted phylogeographic and approximate Bayesian computation analyses to unraveling complex demographic histories of nuclear genes sampled from populations in the Andes, Mexico, and elsewhere using microsatellite markers and sequences.
🇲🇽They did not find support for an Andean origin of Phytophtora infestans; rather, the sequence data suggest a Mexican origin.
🌱The authors provided basis to understand the coevolution of hosts and pathogens which is vital in disease management programs to manage future epidemics of this disease.
📓Information sources:
https://lnkd.in/gqjBwC_C
https://lnkd.in/g6QQhvHj
https://lnkd.in/gGj_V9tB.
📷Image credit:
©️Margaret Senior.
#ag #knowledge #euroblight #linkedin #research #innovation
🗓️During 1840s, late blight disease was a major culprit of epidemics in the United States and expanded to Europe causing the Irish Famine (1845) and the Scottish Highland Potato Famine (1846).
📍This period is also known as the 'Hungry Forties' because that time many people starved due to lack of access to other staple food sources and also caused emigration of people.
🥔During that time, the most popular variety widely cultivated is the Irish Lumper. Due to its susceptibility to the pathogen, massive areas of potato fields were wiped out.
👨🏼🔬Due to great losses attributed to this, it paved opportunities for plant pathologists study the disease. The pathogen was first described by M. J. Berkeley and subsequently named Phytophthora infestans by Heinrich Anton de Bary in the 1870’s.
🧫De Bary worked out the life cycle of potato late blight pathogen and first to prove experimentally that Phytophthora infestans is the cause of potato late blight.
🔬He convinced the scientific community that the white sporulation on infected potato plants was the causal agent of the disease and not the result of spontaneous generation from the decaying vegetation or the wrath of God. He proved that fungi are causes but not the results of diseases.
🌎Years after this disease has been identified, debates have evolved on the center of origin of the pathogen: South America or Central Mexico.
📌Although it is widely accepted that Peru is the center of origin of potato, tomato and pear melon which are known hosts of the pathogen, it was not clearly proven to be center of origin of the pathogen.
👩🔬In 2014, Goss et al published their studies and finally elucidated the center of origin of the pathogen. They conducted phylogeographic and approximate Bayesian computation analyses to unraveling complex demographic histories of nuclear genes sampled from populations in the Andes, Mexico, and elsewhere using microsatellite markers and sequences.
🇲🇽They did not find support for an Andean origin of Phytophtora infestans; rather, the sequence data suggest a Mexican origin.
🌱The authors provided basis to understand the coevolution of hosts and pathogens which is vital in disease management programs to manage future epidemics of this disease.
📓Information sources:
https://lnkd.in/gqjBwC_C
https://lnkd.in/g6QQhvHj
https://lnkd.in/gGj_V9tB.
📷Image credit:
©️Margaret Senior.
#ag #knowledge #euroblight #linkedin #research #innovation
Late blight of potato and tomato
Late blight is the disease that triggered the Irish potato famine of the 1840s. It also was the first plant disease for which a microorganism was proved to be the causal agent, leading to the birth of plant pathology as a science....
Fighting pathogenic fungi with great help from little friends 🦠🔬
📚 Rhizoctonia solan is a soil-borne phytopathogenic fungus with a wide range of hosts (causes diseases of over 200 plant species) that contribute to significant crop yield losses worldwide.
👨🌾 Besides the introduction of certain agronomic practices (e.g. crop rotation), use of resistant cultivars, and chemical pesticides, specific microorganisms can be applied as biocontrol agents to manage R. solani.
🦠 Due to its broad range of antibiotic-producing abilities (including lipopeptides, antibiotics and enzymes), Bacillus spp. is widely used against the pathogen.
🔃 Besides the direct biocontrol effect, Bacillus also competes with pathogenic fungi for space and nutrients.
🧪 Several Bacillus spp.-based bio-pesticides (originating from B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens and B. pumilus) have been commercialized for the effective management of R. solani.
Video: timelapse showing inhibition of the R. solani growth by Bacillus spp. inoculant (credits: Plant Pathology).
#soil #biology #agriculture #farming
📚 Rhizoctonia solan is a soil-borne phytopathogenic fungus with a wide range of hosts (causes diseases of over 200 plant species) that contribute to significant crop yield losses worldwide.
👨🌾 Besides the introduction of certain agronomic practices (e.g. crop rotation), use of resistant cultivars, and chemical pesticides, specific microorganisms can be applied as biocontrol agents to manage R. solani.
🦠 Due to its broad range of antibiotic-producing abilities (including lipopeptides, antibiotics and enzymes), Bacillus spp. is widely used against the pathogen.
🔃 Besides the direct biocontrol effect, Bacillus also competes with pathogenic fungi for space and nutrients.
🧪 Several Bacillus spp.-based bio-pesticides (originating from B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens and B. pumilus) have been commercialized for the effective management of R. solani.
Video: timelapse showing inhibition of the R. solani growth by Bacillus spp. inoculant (credits: Plant Pathology).
#soil #biology #agriculture #farming
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Fighting pathogenic fungi with great help from little friends 🦠🔬
دومین المپیاد قارچ شناسی توسط انجمن قارچ شناسی ایران روز دوشنبه ۴/۱۲ برگزار خواهد شد
اسامی حوزه های امتحانی المپیاد
اسامی حوزه های امتحانی المپیاد
“This case highlights the potential of environmental plant fungi to cause disease in humans and stresses the importance of molecular techniques to identify the causative fungal species,” the study notes.
The man worked with decaying plant and fungi material as part of his research activities and has since recovered after receiving two antifungal medications for two months. The unnamed man is said to have no complications as a result of the disease.
Of the millions of fungi that exist, only a few hundred are capable of infecting humans. The fungal species that can grow at 35—37 °C can become a human pathogen or commensal flora, notes the report, adding that the pathogen enters the human body through damaged skin and the respiratory tract.
“That animal and human diseases can be caused by plant pathogens is a new concept that raises serious questions regarding the propensity of such infection to occur in healthy as well as immunocompromised individuals. If the fungi can escape the phagocytosis pathway and is able to evade the host immune system, then they can establish themselves as human pathogens.”
The report points to climate change as causing a rise in new pathogenic fungi, stating that “the worsening of global warming and other civilization activities opens Pandora’s Box for newer fungal diseases.”
Some fungi that are sensitive to high temperatures and have the potential to cause illness can develop the ability to survive in the human body at elevated temperatures. This is a significant concern as certain fungi can utilize “a natural selection-adaptation strategy” and adjust to higher temperatures through thermal selection.
The man worked with decaying plant and fungi material as part of his research activities and has since recovered after receiving two antifungal medications for two months. The unnamed man is said to have no complications as a result of the disease.
Of the millions of fungi that exist, only a few hundred are capable of infecting humans. The fungal species that can grow at 35—37 °C can become a human pathogen or commensal flora, notes the report, adding that the pathogen enters the human body through damaged skin and the respiratory tract.
“That animal and human diseases can be caused by plant pathogens is a new concept that raises serious questions regarding the propensity of such infection to occur in healthy as well as immunocompromised individuals. If the fungi can escape the phagocytosis pathway and is able to evade the host immune system, then they can establish themselves as human pathogens.”
The report points to climate change as causing a rise in new pathogenic fungi, stating that “the worsening of global warming and other civilization activities opens Pandora’s Box for newer fungal diseases.”
Some fungi that are sensitive to high temperatures and have the potential to cause illness can develop the ability to survive in the human body at elevated temperatures. This is a significant concern as certain fungi can utilize “a natural selection-adaptation strategy” and adjust to higher temperatures through thermal selection.
A 61-year-old plant mycologist from India is the first person in the world to contract a plant fungal disease.
The man was diagnosed with Chondrostereum purpureum, the fungus that causes silver leaf disease in plants, according to a study published in Medical Mycology Case Reports .
Silver leaf disease mostly attacks species of the rose family and is often fatal. It is spread by airborne spores landing on freshly exposed sapwood.
The man suffered persistent symptoms, including a hoarse voice, cough and difficulties swallowing for three months before visiting a doctor. After conventional techniques, including microscopy, failed to identify the fungus, a CT scan revealed a paratracheal abscess in his neck and a sample tested positive for the fungal infection.
The man was diagnosed with Chondrostereum purpureum, the fungus that causes silver leaf disease in plants, according to a study published in Medical Mycology Case Reports .
Silver leaf disease mostly attacks species of the rose family and is often fatal. It is spread by airborne spores landing on freshly exposed sapwood.
The man suffered persistent symptoms, including a hoarse voice, cough and difficulties swallowing for three months before visiting a doctor. After conventional techniques, including microscopy, failed to identify the fungus, a CT scan revealed a paratracheal abscess in his neck and a sample tested positive for the fungal infection.
Plant Protection science 🌱🦠🔬
1-s2.0-S2211753923000106-main.pdf
Mycologist becomes first person in the world to contract a plant fungal disease
Plant Protection science 🌱🦠🔬
Alternative thrips control with entomopathogenic nematode 🌱🪴🪱🍂🚨 🪱Steinernema feltiae is a species of entomopathogenic nematode that is known to attack and control various insect pests, including thrips.
Alternative thrips control with entomopathogenic nematode 🌱🪴🪱🍂🚨
🪱Steinernema feltiae is a species of entomopathogenic nematode that is known to attack and control various insect pests, including thrips.
🌱Thrips are small, slender insects that feed on the leaves and flowers of plants, causing damage to crops and ornamental plants.
🎛️Steinernema feltiae is often used to manage thrips populations in agricultural and horticultural systems. This nematode has a mutualistic relationship with specific bacteria (Xenorhabdus spp.), which they carry in their gut. When they infect a host insect, such as thrips, they release the bacteria, which rapidly multiply and cause septicemia, ultimately killing the insect.
🐛The infective juveniles of Steinernema feltiae actively seek out thrips larvae or pupae in the soil or plant debris.
🌿Once they locate a suitable host, they enter the body of the thrips through natural openings or by penetrating the cuticle.
🦠Inside the thrips, the nematodes release the bacteria, which start multiplying and eventually cause the death of the insect.
🍅Steinernema feltiae is considered an effective biological control agent for thrips, especially in greenhouse and indoor settings.
✅However, it's important to follow proper application guidelines and consider factors such as temperature, humidity, and the specific thrips species present for successful control.
📹Video credit: https://lnkd.in/gaNFv6KY
📑Useful reference materials:
https://lnkd.in/gi3avq5w
https://lnkd.in/gMa_iJNq
https://lnkd.in/g_zR_Bci
https://lnkd.in/g8emNtSh
🪱Steinernema feltiae is a species of entomopathogenic nematode that is known to attack and control various insect pests, including thrips.
🌱Thrips are small, slender insects that feed on the leaves and flowers of plants, causing damage to crops and ornamental plants.
🎛️Steinernema feltiae is often used to manage thrips populations in agricultural and horticultural systems. This nematode has a mutualistic relationship with specific bacteria (Xenorhabdus spp.), which they carry in their gut. When they infect a host insect, such as thrips, they release the bacteria, which rapidly multiply and cause septicemia, ultimately killing the insect.
🐛The infective juveniles of Steinernema feltiae actively seek out thrips larvae or pupae in the soil or plant debris.
🌿Once they locate a suitable host, they enter the body of the thrips through natural openings or by penetrating the cuticle.
🦠Inside the thrips, the nematodes release the bacteria, which start multiplying and eventually cause the death of the insect.
🍅Steinernema feltiae is considered an effective biological control agent for thrips, especially in greenhouse and indoor settings.
✅However, it's important to follow proper application guidelines and consider factors such as temperature, humidity, and the specific thrips species present for successful control.
📹Video credit: https://lnkd.in/gaNFv6KY
📑Useful reference materials:
https://lnkd.in/gi3avq5w
https://lnkd.in/gMa_iJNq
https://lnkd.in/g_zR_Bci
https://lnkd.in/g8emNtSh
lnkd.in
LinkedIn
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Alternative thrips control with entomopathogenic nematode 🌱🪴🪱🍂🚨
🪱Steinernema feltiae is a species of entomopathogenic nematode that is known to attack and control various insect pests, including thrips.
🪱Steinernema feltiae is a species of entomopathogenic nematode that is known to attack and control various insect pests, including thrips.
اصطلاحات ترکی در گیاهپزشکی
با وجود تخصصی و فنی بودن رشته گیاهپزشکی به عنوان یکی از شاخه های کشاورزی که اغلب با آفات و بیماری های گیاهی و آفتکش های شیمیایی سر و کار دارد، کشاورزان به عنوان عمده افراد درگیر با این رشته، واژه هایی را برای بیان مفاهیم مرتبط با این رشته ابداع نموده و مورد استفاده قرار می دهند.
آشنایی با این واژه ها برای یک گیاهپزشک و به ویژه آنها که با افراد محلی ارتباط کاری دارند، یک امر حیاتی و گاه حیثیتی است. عدم آشنایی با این واژه ها، به معنی ضعف و حتی عدم توانایی در برقراری ارتباط گفتاری با مراجعه کنندگان و کشاورزان و باغدارانی است که جهت دریافت مشاوره به گیاهپزشکان مراجعه می کنند.
در این مجموعه تلاش شده تا مطابقت این واژه ها تا حد امکان با واژه های مورد استفاده در زبان فارسی صورت گیرد. به طور یقین، گوناگونی این اصطلاحات در پهنه آذربایجان در حد بالایی است و مردمان هر منطقه زبان عامیانه خود را برای بیان مفاهیم گیاهپزشکی به کار می گیرند. بنابراین، همه عزیزان را به کمک به تکمیل شدن این مجموعه دعوت نموده و دست تک تک دوستان را در درج نظرات تکمیلی، اصلاحی و نقادانه می فشاریم.
بیماری های گیاهی
آغ باسماخ/پامبوخچا: سفیدک پودری یا سطحی یا حقیقی
ارککلَماخ: تورم جوانه گوجه فرنگی
اولوششَمَک: پژمردگی
پاس باسماخ: زنگ
چارپاناخ: زنگار
چور ورماخ: برق زدگی نخود، سفیدک
چورومک: پوسیدگی
ساریلیخ: زنگ زرد گندم
شَرِح ورماخ: ابتلا به بیماری قارچی مثل برق زدگی نخود
قاراجا، قَرَجه: سیاهک (در جمهوری آذربایجان به آن سورمه گوبلیی) می گویند.
لَکَه/قارا خال: لکه سیاه سیب
کیف توتماخ : کپک زدن یا رشد توده قارچی
حشره شناسی و کنه شناسی
آلما قوردو: کرم سیب
اَریک قیزاردان: حشره بالغ کرم سفید ریشه
تورسالان: عنکبوت
پیسپیدا/پیسپیسا: سن گندم
سیم ورماخ: سرخرطومی یونجه/لیسه سیب
شیره ، شیرنه: شته
فاطما نَنَه: کفشدوزک هفت نقطه ای
کَپَنَک: پروانه، شب پره
گَنَه قرمز: کنه قرمز
قورد: کرم، لارو مخصوصاً کرم سیب و کرم ساقه خوار برنج
موزا: سوسک های طلایی (Buprestis spp)
چاپاغان : سیرسیرک
وریان دلن : آبدزدک
سیم قوردی : کرم مفتولی یا کرم خراط
گیاهان انگل
ایلیشیم، سرطان/ ساراطان، چور، لیف: سس
کلوخا/کلوشا/بوستان گولو: گل جالیز
بورک آغاجی: دارواش
سم و مواد شیمیایی کشاورزی
آغ کود: کود اوره
جَیَن داواسی: بنتازون و بن سولفورون
ساری کود: گوگرد
سیم داواسی: حشره کش های مورد استفاده برای مبارزه با سرخرطومی یونجه و لیسه سیب
شیره داواسی: شته کش
قارا/قَرَه کود: کود فسفره
قاراجا/قَرَجه داواسی: قارچکش های کاربوکسین تیرام و توبوکونازول مورد استفاده برای ضدعفونی بذر غلات برای مبارزه با سیاهک ها
قورد داواسی: بیشتر به حشره کش های معمول برای کرم سیب اطلاق می شود.
منبع : سایت آقای دکتر جمشیدی
با اضافه کردن موارد دیگر توسط احسان میرزائی
با وجود تخصصی و فنی بودن رشته گیاهپزشکی به عنوان یکی از شاخه های کشاورزی که اغلب با آفات و بیماری های گیاهی و آفتکش های شیمیایی سر و کار دارد، کشاورزان به عنوان عمده افراد درگیر با این رشته، واژه هایی را برای بیان مفاهیم مرتبط با این رشته ابداع نموده و مورد استفاده قرار می دهند.
آشنایی با این واژه ها برای یک گیاهپزشک و به ویژه آنها که با افراد محلی ارتباط کاری دارند، یک امر حیاتی و گاه حیثیتی است. عدم آشنایی با این واژه ها، به معنی ضعف و حتی عدم توانایی در برقراری ارتباط گفتاری با مراجعه کنندگان و کشاورزان و باغدارانی است که جهت دریافت مشاوره به گیاهپزشکان مراجعه می کنند.
در این مجموعه تلاش شده تا مطابقت این واژه ها تا حد امکان با واژه های مورد استفاده در زبان فارسی صورت گیرد. به طور یقین، گوناگونی این اصطلاحات در پهنه آذربایجان در حد بالایی است و مردمان هر منطقه زبان عامیانه خود را برای بیان مفاهیم گیاهپزشکی به کار می گیرند. بنابراین، همه عزیزان را به کمک به تکمیل شدن این مجموعه دعوت نموده و دست تک تک دوستان را در درج نظرات تکمیلی، اصلاحی و نقادانه می فشاریم.
بیماری های گیاهی
آغ باسماخ/پامبوخچا: سفیدک پودری یا سطحی یا حقیقی
ارککلَماخ: تورم جوانه گوجه فرنگی
اولوششَمَک: پژمردگی
پاس باسماخ: زنگ
چارپاناخ: زنگار
چور ورماخ: برق زدگی نخود، سفیدک
چورومک: پوسیدگی
ساریلیخ: زنگ زرد گندم
شَرِح ورماخ: ابتلا به بیماری قارچی مثل برق زدگی نخود
قاراجا، قَرَجه: سیاهک (در جمهوری آذربایجان به آن سورمه گوبلیی) می گویند.
لَکَه/قارا خال: لکه سیاه سیب
کیف توتماخ : کپک زدن یا رشد توده قارچی
حشره شناسی و کنه شناسی
آلما قوردو: کرم سیب
اَریک قیزاردان: حشره بالغ کرم سفید ریشه
تورسالان: عنکبوت
پیسپیدا/پیسپیسا: سن گندم
سیم ورماخ: سرخرطومی یونجه/لیسه سیب
شیره ، شیرنه: شته
فاطما نَنَه: کفشدوزک هفت نقطه ای
کَپَنَک: پروانه، شب پره
گَنَه قرمز: کنه قرمز
قورد: کرم، لارو مخصوصاً کرم سیب و کرم ساقه خوار برنج
موزا: سوسک های طلایی (Buprestis spp)
چاپاغان : سیرسیرک
وریان دلن : آبدزدک
سیم قوردی : کرم مفتولی یا کرم خراط
گیاهان انگل
ایلیشیم، سرطان/ ساراطان، چور، لیف: سس
کلوخا/کلوشا/بوستان گولو: گل جالیز
بورک آغاجی: دارواش
سم و مواد شیمیایی کشاورزی
آغ کود: کود اوره
جَیَن داواسی: بنتازون و بن سولفورون
ساری کود: گوگرد
سیم داواسی: حشره کش های مورد استفاده برای مبارزه با سرخرطومی یونجه و لیسه سیب
شیره داواسی: شته کش
قارا/قَرَه کود: کود فسفره
قاراجا/قَرَجه داواسی: قارچکش های کاربوکسین تیرام و توبوکونازول مورد استفاده برای ضدعفونی بذر غلات برای مبارزه با سیاهک ها
قورد داواسی: بیشتر به حشره کش های معمول برای کرم سیب اطلاق می شود.
منبع : سایت آقای دکتر جمشیدی
با اضافه کردن موارد دیگر توسط احسان میرزائی
Berim Berim
Satin
تقدیم به اساتید گرامی که در فصل امتحانات به هیچ وجه من الوجوه کم نگذاشتند
#شوخی
#شوخی
با توجه به نتایج اولیه کنکور ارشد
کسب رتبه دوم حشره شناسی رو به آقای امیر فاروق مستغنی و کسب رتبه هشتم بیماری شناسی رو به آقای جاوید ساکتی تبریک میگیم
هردو از دانشجویان فوق العاده دانشگاه تبریز
کسب رتبه دوم حشره شناسی رو به آقای امیر فاروق مستغنی و کسب رتبه هشتم بیماری شناسی رو به آقای جاوید ساکتی تبریک میگیم
هردو از دانشجویان فوق العاده دانشگاه تبریز
با عرض سلام و احترام
با عنایت به درخواست های مکرر و پیام های دریافتی از پژوهشگران و دانشجویان سراسر کشور مبنی بر نیاز به فرصت بیشتر جهت تکمیل و ارسال خلاصه مقالات، به اطلاع می رساند براساس تصمیم هیات اجرایی پنجمین کنگره قارچ شناسی ایران، مهلت ارسال خلاصه مقالات تا ۱۶ خرداد ماه ۱۴۰۲ تمدید شد. شایان ذکر است کلیه پژوهشگرانی که تاکنون موفق به ارسال خلاصه مقاله خود نگردیده اند می توانند خلاصه مقالات خود را تا تاریخ فوق الذکر از طریق سامانه کاربران سایت کنگره ارسال نمایند. لازم به توضیح است مهلت مذکور مجددا تمدید نخواهد شد.
کمیته اجرایی پنجمین کنگره قارچ شناسی ایران
با عنایت به درخواست های مکرر و پیام های دریافتی از پژوهشگران و دانشجویان سراسر کشور مبنی بر نیاز به فرصت بیشتر جهت تکمیل و ارسال خلاصه مقالات، به اطلاع می رساند براساس تصمیم هیات اجرایی پنجمین کنگره قارچ شناسی ایران، مهلت ارسال خلاصه مقالات تا ۱۶ خرداد ماه ۱۴۰۲ تمدید شد. شایان ذکر است کلیه پژوهشگرانی که تاکنون موفق به ارسال خلاصه مقاله خود نگردیده اند می توانند خلاصه مقالات خود را تا تاریخ فوق الذکر از طریق سامانه کاربران سایت کنگره ارسال نمایند. لازم به توضیح است مهلت مذکور مجددا تمدید نخواهد شد.
کمیته اجرایی پنجمین کنگره قارچ شناسی ایران