Polestar Automotive Telegram by GRT : Swedish electric performance car boat by Volvo Scandinavian - Swiss Norway Car of the Year

The transport sector is responsible for 24% of direct CO2 emissions from fuel combustion, with light- duty vehicles making up nearly 45% of these CO2 emissions
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etc.

Compared to other metals, the production of the metals used to make the cathode have a higher emission intensity. 2.7-5 kg CO2 is emitted from 1 kg of copper and 1.7 kg CO2 from 1 kg of steel, but the highest emission factors are for cobalt – reaching 9-10 kg CO2-eq/kg, and nickel – with 5.25-10 kg CO2-eq/kg
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Aluminium production depends on the mining of bauxites and nepheline ore, on the refining of alumina, and on the smelting of primary aluminium, which is an energy-intensive process. Aluminium production consumes around 5% of all electricity produced in the US, for example.30 The 2018 global average cradle- to-gate emission intensity of aluminium is as high as 17 tCO2-eq/t, with over half of this in the form of electricity.

Assuming an average content of 250 kg
aluminium per vehicle, the 2018 aluminium demand for BEVs alone amounted to 250,000 tons, and it is forecasted to reach 10 million metric tons by 2030

After steel, aluminium is the second most common metal used in car production, and also the second largest contributor to GHGs among metals used in car manufacturing
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The GHG-intensity of the BEV supply chain is mainly due to the batteries
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What’s more, the growth of CO2 emissions from steel production is faster than that of global CO2 emissions. In 2019, CO2 emitted by steel production accounted for 9.4% of the global CO2 emissions
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Currently, the steel sector is the one of the dominant contributors to CO2 emissions in all sectors with no sign of slowing down. That makes it an obstacle on the path to carbon neutrality.

In recent years, SUVs have become increasingly popular across the world.
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It is estimated that the production of SUVs will grow to 52% in 2027. Even within EV production, in 2027, 63% will be SUVs.

However, such a scenario would make reducing GHG emissions to within the agreed targets impossible to achieve.
https://t.me/MissionPlaneta/57
https://t.me/MissionPlaneta/58

Aside from GHG emissions, other
impacts have been documented from
the mining of raw materials for steel such as land grabbing, higher water and land consumption as well as environmental destruction
https://t.me/DeepMiningTelegram/44
https://t.me/DeepMiningTelegram/69

During the past ten years, CO2 emissions from steel production have risen sharply because of the continuous increase in steel production. As shown in the gure below, the emission of CO2 per crude steel cast unit has kept steady around 1.8 metric tons, while the amount of steel produced has increased by 30% compared to 2010.
https://t.me/ElonMuskPollution/254

The production of a battery involves a variety of energy and resource intensive activities – from the off-site raw material mining and re ning, to the battery grade material production, and finally the cell assembly. It is estimated that about 18-50, 60-70 and 70-110 kg CO2-eq are emitted respectively for each of these three steps, for the production of every kWh battery

The GHG emissions for producing the whole battery pack are estimated to be about 163 kg CO2-eq/ kWh