احترافية اللغة الانجليزية من الصفر

#Lesson 41
#Reported_speech 1 (he said that …)

✴️ #مقدمة_عن_الدرس
رأيت صديقك احمد أمس وتريد أن تخبر أحدا ماذا قال
هناك طريقتان للقيام بذلك:
1⃣ يمكنك تكرار كلمات صديقك بالنص (direct speech):
🔆Ahmed said, ‘I’m feeling ill.’
👈احمد قال: انا اشعر بمرض
2⃣او يمكنك استخدام reported speech:
🔆Ahmed said that he was feeling ill.
👈قال أحمد إنه يشعر بالمرض.
🔸🔸🔸🔸🔸🔸🔸🔸🔸🔸🔸🔸

✴️#القاعدة
🔸في الـ direct: نكتب بالنص كما قال وقت الحدث
في الكتابة نستخدم علامة الاقتباس (’) بالنهاية لإظهار الكلام المباشر😁

🔸في الـ reported : نحول الفاعل الى غائب مثلا بالمثال قلنا He ونحول الفعل بالماضي Was
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✴️عندمانستخدم reported speech الفعل الرئيسي في الجملة غالبا نخليه ماضي
(Ahmed said that . / I told her that … etc.).
ما تبقى من الجملة عادة ما يكون الماضي أيضا.
#مثلا
🔅Ahmed said that he was feeling ill.
🔅I told Lisa that I didn’t have any money.

💠يمكنك اهمال (That). لذلك يمكنك أن تقول:
🔆Ahmed said that he was feeling ill.
✅ Paul said he was feeling ill.

✅بشكل عام ، يتغير الزمن present في الكلام المباشر "reported speech" إلى الماضي "past" في reported speech
💠 am/is →was 💠do/does →did
💠 will →would 💠 are →were
💠have/has →had 💠 can →could
💠want/like/know/go etc. → wanted/liked/knew/went etc.
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🔰#مقارنة بين direct & reported speech:
✴️مثلا لقد قابلت صديقك " Ala "وهنا بعض من الأشياء التي قالها بالـ Direct speech :

🔆 he said , I’ve lost my phone'.
👈لقد ضيعت تلفوني
🔆I want to buy a car.
🔆I can’t come to the party on Friday.
🔆I don’t have much free time.
🔆My parents are fine.
🔆I’m going away for a few days.
🔆I’ll phone you when I get back.
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✴️في وقت لاحق انت اخبرت شخص ما قال صديقك باستخدام reported speech:

🔆Ala said that he had lost his phone.
👈علاء قال انه قد ضيع تلفونه
🔆He said that he wanted to buy a car.
🔆he said that he couldn’t come to
the party on Friday.
🔆he said that he didn’t have much
free time.
🔆he said that his parents were fine.
🔆he said that he was going away for a
few days
🔆he said that would phone me when he got back
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✴️ في الماضي البسيط (did/saw/knew etc.) يمكن ان تبقئ كما هي في reported speech او يمكن تغيرها للماضي التام past perfect
(had done / had seen / had known etc.):
🔆#direct Paul said: ‘I woke up feeling ill, so I didn’t go to work.’
🔆#reported Paul said (that) he woke up feeling ill, so he didn’t go to work.
✅Paul said (that) he had woken up feeling ill, so he hadn’t gone to work.

🟦⬜️🟦⬜️🟦 @E_Langu 🟦⬜️🟦⬜️